The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s Division of Corporate Finance has released new guidance on Proof-of-Work mining, clarifying how federal securities laws apply to crypto mining activities. 

The statement outlines the SEC’s stance on “protocol mining” and concludes that PoW mining activities do not constitute securities transactions.

The SEC explains that Proof-of-Work networks operate as public, permissionless systems where miners validate transactions and maintain network security through computational efforts.

It introduces the term “Covered Crypto Assets” for tokens earned from PoW mining and refers to the process itself as “Protocol Mining.”

The commission acknowledged that mining activities are integral to network functionality and not dependent on the managerial efforts of a third party—a key factor in determining whether an asset qualifies as a security under the Howey Test.

The SEC further distinguished between different forms of mining, including self (or solo) mining, where individuals contribute computational power independently, and mining pools, where multiple miners combine their resources.

Mining pools and their role

The SEC also touches on the role of mining pools, which aggregate computational power to increase the chances of earning block rewards.

While pool operators coordinate resources, maintain infrastructure, and distribute earnings, the SEC maintains that their role remains administrative or ministerial rather than managerial.

As a result, participation in mining pools does not change the fundamental nature of protocol mining or introduce an investment contract structure.

This statement provides much-needed regulatory clarity for miners operating within the United States. By confirming that PoW mining does not involve securities transactions, the SEC effectively removes uncertainty about whether miners must register their activities or comply with securities-related reporting requirements.

This decision could bolster confidence among mining firms, particularly as the industry continues to face regulatory scrutiny over energy consumption and environmental impact.